CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - ColoradoDesk -- Planetary Emissions Management Inc. (PEM) today announces the publication of a study describing established universal scientific methods for forest carbon accounting, endorsing direct measurement of CO₂ over estimation protocols for forest carbon credits. "The Direct Measurement Forest Carbon Protocol: A commercial system-of-systems to incentivize forest restoration and management," described in the journal PeerJ, illustrates how the problems of existing protocols, which are uncertain, expensive and biased against landowners, can be resolved with innovative use of existing technology.

"The upshot of the study is that it calls into question the validity of estimation-based commercial forest carbon credits worldwide, absent a full carbon accounting that can be verified by direct CO₂ measurement—anything less accelerates deforestation and devalues forest ecosystems, biodiversity and Indigenous People," said Bruno D.V. Marino, CEO and lead author of the study. Existing forest carbon credits have been questioned by journalists, scientists and Indigenous Peoples, but improvements in the protocols have stalled. A video abstract is available here. An infographic is available here.



More on Colorado Desk

• At Your Service Plumbing Named a 2025 Nextdoor Neighborhood Fave
• Colorado: New Aviation Training Program to Create 45 New Jobs in Pueblo, Meet Growing Nationwide Need for Aviation Maintenance Technicians
• Custom Home Builder Connecticut Valley Homes Wins 2025 Home of the Year from the Modular Home Builders Association
• Scoop Social Co. Partners with Air Canada to Celebrate New Direct Flights to Milan with Custom Italian Piaggio Ape Gelato Carts
• Breakout Phase for Public Company: New Partnerships, Zero Debt, and $20 Million Growth Capital Position Company for 2026 Acceleration

The problem is that existing protocols cannot fully account for net forest carbon, a metric of benefit to the atmosphere that balances carbon uptake by photosynthesis and carbon release by respiration. Limited measurements of forest biomass, exclusion of actual CO₂ measurements and reliance on vegetation growth models are employed worldwide, including by the California Air Resources Board, the Climate Action Reserve, the American Carbon Registry, and the UN Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (UN-REDD+), despite the risk of invalidation by direct measurement, according to a recent study, also co-authored by PEM.

"We have lost our way in the forest, blinded by large-scale umbrella policies devoid of mandates for actual measurement of forest CO₂ and truly independent verification of net CO₂ reduction claims; scientific challenge to these protocols and policies appears to be the only way to lay bare the issues," remarked Marino.

Solutions to slow and stop deforestation are hiding in plain sight, including universally accepted forest carbon science and measurement methods, such as eddy covariance, deployed worldwide in over 600 locations, to determine net carbon sequestration, or net ecosystem exchange. However, established research methods have not been used for commercial applications as illustrated by the study.

More on Colorado Desk

• Japan's Patented "Hammock'n" Smartphone Band Targets Hand Fatigue From Long Phone Use
• Reditus Group Introduces A New Empirical Model for Early-Stage B2B Growth
• CCHR: Harvard Review Exposes Institutional Corruption in Global Mental Health
• ZeroDown Software Appoints Tony Wong as Vice President of Corporate Development
• Advanced LASIK & Vision Correction Now Available in Westminster With 20/20 Institute

About PEM: Planetary Emissions Management Inc. is an American research and development company focused on direct monitoring, measurement and verification of greenhouse gases to manage climate change now and for future generations.